Jan 13, Tuesday

 

Jan 13, Tuesday

 1. Class Notes: Active & Passive Voice

Part 1: Meet the Sentence Team

Every action sentence has three important players:

The BIG BOSS (Subject): Does the action. Usually comes first.

The ACTION (Verb): What happens.

The SMALL POTATO (Object): Receive the action.

Normal Pattern:
BIG BOSS + ACTION + SMALL POTATO

Example:
The cat (Big Boss) chased (Action) the mouse (Small Potato).

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Part 2: Active Voice - The Normal Way

The Big Boss starts the sentence and does the action.

Formula:
Big Boss + Action + Small Potato

Examples:

The teacher explains the lesson.

Sam kicks the ball.

Maya reads a book.

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Part 3: Passive Voice – (The Reversed Way)

We flip the sentence! The Small Potato goes first.
We use a special code: be-verb + p.p.

Formula:
Small Potato + be-verb + p.p. + (by Big Boss)

The Magic Code:

be-verb: am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been

p.p. (Past Participle): Special verb form (often -ed, -en, -t)

eat → eaten

write → written

make → made

break → broken

Examples:

The mouse was chased by the cat.

The ball is kicked by Sam.

A book is read by Maya.

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Part 4: The TENSE MUST MATCH!

Golden Rule: When switching, the time (tense) doesn't change!

Tense Match Chart:

Active (Big Boss First)	Passive (Small Potato First)	Time Clue
The chef cooks the food.	The food is cooked by the chef.	Present (is/am/are + p.p.)
The chef cooked the food.	The food was cooked by the chef.	Past (was/were + p.p.)
The chef has cooked the food.	The food has been cooked by the chef.	Present Perfect (has/have been + p.p.)

Important: Look at the active verb first! Match the time with your be-verb.

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Part 5: Detective Rules - When to Use Passive Voice

Use Passive Voice when...

You're a Detective - You don't know the Big Boss!

"The cookie jar was emptied!" (By who? Mystery!)

"My bike was stolen." (We don't know who did it)

The Small Potato is the Superstar - It's the exciting news!

"The new playground was built today!" (The playground is important)

"Gold medals were awarded!" (The medals matter most)

You're a Scientist - The process matters, not who does it

"The seed is planted in soil." (We study seeds)

"Water is added to the mixture." (The experiment is important)

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Part 6: The "By..." Phrase - Sometimes It's Hidden!

You don't always need "by + Big Boss"!

Leave it out when:

The Big Boss is unknown (mysteries!)

The Big Boss is obvious (everyone knows)

The Big Boss isn't important (science, general facts)

Examples without "by...":

"The windows were cleaned." (Don't care who)

"English is spoken here." (General fact)

"Breakfast is served at 8 AM." (Obvious)

Examples with "by...":

"The song was written by Taylor Swift." (Famous doer)

"The windows were cleaned by the new janitor." (Specific person)

"The cake was eaten by my brother." (Guilty person!)

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Part 7: Detective Clue - The "Non-Living" Hint

Helpful Trick: In passive voice, the Small Potato starting the sentence is often a non-living thing.

Why? Non-living things (objects, places, ideas) usually receive actions.

Examples:

The computer was fixed. 💻

The song was played. 🎵

The classroom was decorated. 🏫

But Remember: Living things CAN be Small Potatoes too!

"The students were greeted." 👧👦 (They receive the greeting)

"My brother was chosen." 👦 (Someone chose him)

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Part 8: Quick Summary Cheat Sheet

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Big Boss comes first	Small Potato comes first
Clear and direct	Sometimes mysterious
Subject + Verb + Object	Object + be-verb + p.p. + (by Subject)
The cat chases the mouse.	The mouse is chased by the cat.

3-Step Check for Passive:

Does it start with a Small Potato?

Is there be-verb + p.p. right after? (is eaten, was made, has been opened)

Could this be a detective case, superstar Small Potato, or science fact?

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Final Rules to Remember:

Active = Normal = Big Boss → Action → Small Potato

Passive = Switcheroo = Small Potato → be-verb + p.p. → (by Big Boss)

Tenses must match! Present→Present, Past→Past, etc.

"By..." is optional - only use if the Big Boss is important

Non-living starters are often passive voice clues

Use passive for: Mysteries, Superstar Objects, Science Facts

 

2.  My View story: 

3. Week 20 Communication book 

Week 20                                Homework 回家功課
Monday 星期一	□1. Copy Week 20 vocab word #1-8 x 3, definition x 1, make 3 sent with 2 VW  □2. Google Classroom □3. Sensay Week 20	家長簽名：
		Teacher:
Parent Communication 親師交流道:
Tuesday 星期二	□1. Copy Week 20 vocab word #9-16 x 3, definition x 1, make 3 sent with 2 VW	家長簽名：
		Teacher：
Parent Communication 親師交流道:
Wednesday 星期三	□1. Copy Week 20 vocab word #17-24 x 3, definition x 1, make 3 sent with 2 VW  □2. G3 Shared worksheet	家長簽名：
		Teacher :
Parent Communication 親師交流道:
Thursday 星期四	□1. A1 Week 20 worksheet #1 □2. Review My View p.515-535	家長簽名：
		Teacher：
Parent Communication 親師交流道:
Friday 星期五	□1. A1 Week 20 worksheet #2 □2. Review Flyers wordlist	家長簽名：
		Teacher：
Parent Communication 親師交流道:

Week 20 Vocabulary Definitions – How Water Shapes the Earth

1	winner	(n.): a person who wins a game or contest
2	dollar	(n.): the basic unit of money in the US, Australia, Canada, etc.
3	summer	(n.): the warmest season of the year
4	bitter	(adj.): having a strong and often unpleasant taste
5	attic	(n.): a room just below the roof of a house
6	sudden	(adj.): happening quickly and unexpectedly
7	supper	(n.): an evening meal
8	swimmer	(n.): someone who swims
9	better	(adj.): more good than another
10	earthquake	(n.): a sudden shaking of the ground
11	shatter	(v.): to break into many sharp pieces
12	aftershock	(n.): a small earthquake that follows a big one
13	happen	(v.): to take place or come to pass
14	pillow	(n.): a soft cushion used for sleeping
15	cotton	(n.): soft white material from a plant, used to make clothes or fill pillows
16	lesson	(n.): a period of teaching or learning
17	shape	(n.): the form or outline of something
18	melt	(v.): to turn from solid to liquid by heat
19	leave behind	(phr. v.): to cause a situation to exist after something has happened or moved away
20	farmland	(n.): land used for farming
21	underneath	(prep.): in a lower place than something
22	cause	(v.): to make something happen
23	giant	(adj.): very large
24	wave	(n.): a moving ridge of water on the surface of the sea

Week 20 – How Water Shapes the Earth

My View Weekly Vocabulary 本週單字進度表

No.	English	POS	Chinese	No.	English	POS	Chinese
1	winner	n.	贏家	13	happen	v.	發生
2	dollar	n.	美元	14	pillow	n.	枕頭
3	summer	n.	夏天	15	cotton	n.	棉花
4	bitter	adj.	苦的	16	lesson	n.	課程
5	attic	n.	閣樓	17	shape	n.	形狀
6	sudden	adj.	突然的	18	melt	v.	融化
7	supper	n.	晚餐	19	leave behind	phr. v.	留下某種情況
8	swimmer	n.	游泳者	20	farmland	n.	農田
9	better	adj.	較好的	21	underneath	prep.	在…下面
10	earthquake	n.	地震	22	cause	v.	導致
11	shatter	v.	粉碎	23	giant	adj.	巨大的
12	aftershock	n.	餘震	24	wave	n.	海浪

Weekly Sentences

1.   He used soft cotton to stuff his pillow and make it feel better.

2.   Someone left an old math lesson book behind in the attic.

3.   A sudden earthquake made the windows shatter in the middle of the night.

4.   The giant iceberg began to melt in the hot summer and changed its shape.